The last thing any young adult wants to think about is cancer. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of young people are facing the life-changing diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported that 20% of colorectal cancer diagnoses in 2019 were found in patients younger than age 55. That’s a significant increase from 11% in 1995. Cases continue to rise 1% to 2% every year.
In 2023, ACS expected an estimated new 19,550 colorectal cancer diagnoses and 3,750 deaths in individuals younger than age 50 years of age.
“We’ve been witnessing this increase in colorectal cancer cases in young people,” says Dr. Joseph Bovi, a Radiation Oncologist with ThedaCare Cancer Care. “We know that lifestyle plays a role. This also means people can take steps to reduce their risk of developing the disease.”
Examining the Uptick
In addition to the overall increased rate of colorectal cancer diagnoses in young people, another troubling trend has emerged. The rate of advanced colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 is increasing by about 3% annually, according to ACS.
“We sometimes find more advanced cancers in young people at the time of diagnosis because they aren’t yet coming in for regular screenings,” Dr. Bovi says. “It’s important to know your family history. This will determine how soon your doctor recommends you begin screening for the disease. Early detection is crucial, as colorectal cancer is highly treatable in its early stages.”
Genetics and Family History
About 30% of people under age 50 who develop colorectal cancer have either genetic factors or family members who have or had the disease.
Risk increases for people who have a personal or family history of polyps, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or type 2 diabetes. In addition, Lynch syndrome, an inherited condition, raises a person’s lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Most people should begin colonoscopy screening at age 45. Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or who are at increased risk for the disease may need to begin screening at a younger age. Discuss family history and risk factors with your doctor.
Other Risk Factors
“Though genetics do play a role in developing colorectal cancer, most people diagnosed with the disease do not have a family history or genetic factors that would increase their risk,” Dr. Bovi says. “Lifestyle-related risk factors play a large role in the increase in colorectal cancer diagnoses.”
Lifestyle factors include:
- Excess body weight
- Frequent consumption of processed meats
- Alcohol intake
- Long-term smoking
- Diet high in fats and processed foods
- Sedentary lifestyle
Studies also show that excessive TV-watching is associated with a greater incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults. That’s even after adjusting for other risk factors such as obesity and physical activity. Risk increases with more viewing time.
Get Active
The ACS recommends adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. That’s about 30 minutes per day, five days per week at a minimum. The organization also recommends incorporating strength training and getting at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity each week. That’s about 15 minutes each day.
“Maintaining an adequate level of physical activity reduces your risk of not only colorectal cancers but of many other diseases,” Dr. Bovi says. “Talk to your health care provider before starting a new exercise routine. Starting slowly can help make these habit changes seem less daunting.”
Know the Signs
In addition to taking steps to reduce risk, young adults should know the warning signs of colorectal cancer. The National Institutes of Health has identified four symptoms common in early-onset colorectal cancer.
These include:
- Abdominal pain
- Rectal bleeding
- Diarrhea
- Iron deficiency anemia
Young people experiencing any of these symptoms should talk with their doctor.
“It can feel uncomfortable talking about changes in bowel habits, but it’s important to follow up on symptoms,” Dr. Bovi says. “Early diagnosis improves outcomes and can reduce the likelihood of needing more aggressive treatment.”
Have concerns about colorectal cancer?
Schedule an appointment with your primary care provider.
If you’re due for colonoscopy, request an appointment today.
