Navigating misconceptions is part of life. But when it comes to lung cancer, false assumptions can get in the way of assessing risk and recognizing symptoms.
“For a couple of reasons, lung cancer is surrounded with more bias than other types of cancer, making it easier for people to underestimate their risk,” said Ryan Engel, DO, an oncologist with ThedaCare Cancer Care. “It’s important for people to get the facts so they can recognize concerning symptoms, know when to get screened and take steps to reduce their risk.”
As we mark Lung Cancer Awareness Month, we’re dispelling common myths and sharing key facts. As is the case with all types of cancer, early detection leads to better outcomes. Awareness and knowledge can have a big impact.
Debunking Common Lung Cancer Myths
Myth 1: Lung cancer only affects smokers.
It’s true that smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, but that’s not the full story. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS) one in five people with lung cancer have never smoked or have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
The most common non-smoking-related reasons for developing lung cancer are:
- Radon exposure: Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can leak into homes and is common in Wisconsin. An estimated one in 10 homes in Wisconsin has high radon levels, according to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
- Secondhand smoke: This is defined as exposure to tobacco products. It can cause disease and premature death among people who do not smoke. There’s no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Workplace exposure: People who encounter certain chemicals on the job have an increased risk. Examples include asbestos and diesel exhaust.
- Air pollution: Particles in the air from cars, factories and power plants can up the risk for lung cancer.
- Family history and genetic mutations: Having a parent or sibling with lung cancer puts people at greater risk. Families also may carry genetic mutations that increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer.
“It’s important for everyone to understand their risk, regardless of whether they have a history of smoking,” Dr. Engel said.
Myth 2: Lung cancer symptoms are obvious.
Unfortunately, lung cancer often causes few to no symptoms in its early stages. When it does start to show symptoms, it’s often progressed to a later stage. That can feel unsettling, but paying attention to subtle changes and reaching out early can provide reassurance.
“The symptoms of lung cancer also can be subtle and mimic common illnesses like colds and upper respiratory infections,” Dr. Engel said. “Pay attention to what’s normal for you, and don’t wait to talk with your doctor about symptoms that concern you.”
Watch for these symptoms:
- Cough that doesn’t resolve and worsens over time
- Hoarseness
- Constant chest pain
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Frequent lung infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia
- Coughing up blood
Symptoms of lung cancer in its more advanced stages can include:
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Headaches
- Bone pain or fractures
- Blood clots
Myth 3: After you quit smoking, you no longer need to worry about lung cancer.
“First, quitting smoking is a huge accomplishment that’s worth celebrating,” Dr. Engel said. “It’s one of the most consequential positive steps anyone can take for their health.”
For people who have a history of smoking, getting screened for lung cancer remains important. A low-dose CT scan (LDCT) is the recommended screening for people who meet certain criteria, according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). It’s a quick, easy and painless test.
According to the USPSTF, the following groups meet the criteria for LDCT screening:
- Between the ages of 50 and 80 — people should check with their insurance about coverage, as Medicare only covers the test up to age 77
- Smoke now or have quit within the last 15 years
- Have a 20 pack-year or more smoking history — a pack-year denotes smoking an average of one pack of cigarettes per day for an entire year
The ACS shares that only 18.7% of people who are eligible for LDCT get the test. Early detection can lead to better outcomes. If you meet the criteria, consider talking with your care team. If you don’t meet the criteria but think you may be at higher risk, your doctor can help you explore options that fit your situation.
Myth 4: Lung cancer is always fatal.
Again, catching lung cancer in its early stages leads to best chance of an improved outcome. Increasing LDCT screening among eligible people can help make that possible.
According to the ACS, lung cancer has an overall 32% five-year survival rate for non-small-cell lung cancer and a 9% five-year survival rate for small cell lung cancer.
“The good news is that research and treatments continue to evolve,” Dr. Engel said. “People with lung cancer have reason for hope and optimism.”
In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, treatments can include immunotherapy and procedures like Aliya® Pulsed Electric Field and Bispecific T-cell Engager (BiTE) therapy. Aliya uses an electrified needle to direct high-voltage, high-frequency electrical pulses into cancerous tumors. BiTE therapy offers an immune therapy treatment option for small cell lung cancer. Your care team will partner with you to find an approach that best meets your needs.
Myth 5: Quitting smoking is the only way to reduce lung cancer risk.
Quitting smoking is powerful, but it’s not the only step you can take. Small, intentional changes can add up. In addition to taking care of your overall health through eating a balanced diet, exercising, maintaining a healthy weight and getting plenty of sleep, you can take specific steps to reduce your risk of developing lung cancer.
To decrease your risk for lung cancer, you can:
- Reduce radon exposure. Have radon levels in your home tested, and install a radon mitigation system if levels are high.
- Stay away from secondhand smoke. Keep your home smoke-free, and avoid cigarette smoke whenever possible.
- Wear protective gear. If you work with hazardous materials, follow safety guidelines to protect yourself from exposure.
- Get regular checkups. Staying informed about your health and discussing any concerns with your doctor can help ensure better outcomes if you do get diagnosed with cancer.
Changing Outcomes Through Awareness and Action
“Awareness can lead to action and create a tide of positive change when it comes to lung cancer detection and outcomes,” Dr. Engel said. “Know and reduce your risk, watch for symptoms and stay on top of LDCT screening if you qualify.”
